Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, has made a troubling comeback in the United States. Despite public health efforts to control it, syphilis rates continue to rise, particularly among certain high-risk populations. Understanding who is at risk for syphilis is crucial for prevention and early detection.
High-risk populations
Sexually active individuals
Anyone who is sexually active is at risk of contracting syphilis, especially if engaging in unprotected sex. The CDC reports that syphilis is transmitted through direct contact with a syphilitic sore, often during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.¹ Individuals with multiple sexual partners are at a higher risk of exposure to syphilis. Regular testing is essential for sexually active individuals, as it allows for early detection and timely treatment.
Men who have sex with men (MSM)
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by syphilis. According to the CDC, MSM accounted for nearly 40% of all syphilis cases in the U.S. in 2020.² Several factors, including higher rates of HIV co-infection and challenges in accessing healthcare, contribute to the elevated risk in this group.³ Regular syphilis testing and the consistent use of condoms are critical preventive measures for MSM. With accessible testing options like the First to Know® Syphilis Test, individuals can quickly and conveniently test for syphilis and receive results in minutes.
People with HIV
Individuals with HIV are at higher risk of contracting syphilis due to compromised immune systems. Additionally, syphilis can exacerbate HIV symptoms and progression.⁴ The CDC recommends routine syphilis screening for people living with HIV to manage both infections effectively.⁵ Testing with rapid options like the First to Know® Syphilis Test can help simplify routine screening for individuals with HIV.
Pregnant women
Syphilis during pregnancy can have severe consequences for both the mother and the baby. If left untreated, syphilis can be transmitted to the baby, leading to congenital syphilis. The CDC has reported a 291% increase in congenital syphilis cases between 2012 and 2020.⁶ This condition can result in stillbirth, miscarriage, or long-term health issues for the child.⁷ Prenatal testing for syphilis is critical, and options like the First to Know® Syphilis Test can provide quick results, enabling timely treatment to protect both mother and baby.
Reducing your risk
Understanding your risk factors is the first step toward preventing syphilis. Here are key strategies to lower your risk:
- Consistent use of condoms: Condoms, while not completely protective, significantly reduce the risk of syphilis transmission when used correctly during sexual activity.⁸,⁹
- Regular STI testing: Routine testing is essential, especially for those in high-risk groups. Early detection allows for prompt treatment, preventing the disease from progressing and reducing the risk of transmission.¹⁰ The First to Know® Syphilis Test offers a convenient and rapid testing solution that fits into any routine health check.
- Open communication with sexual partners: Discussing sexual health openly with partners and encouraging regular testing can reduce the risk of syphilis transmission.¹¹
Syphilis can affect anyone who is sexually active, but certain populations are at higher risk. By staying informed, practicing safe sex, and getting tested regularly, you can reduce your risk and protect your health. If you’re concerned about syphilis, consider using the First to Know Syphilis Test for quick, reliable results.
References:
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “Syphilis – CDC Detailed Fact Sheet.”
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “2019 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance: Syphilis,” CDC.gov.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “Syphilis & MSM (Men Who Have Sex with Men),” CDC.gov.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “HIV and Syphilis Coinfection,” CDC.gov.
- World Health Organization (WHO), “Syphilis – WHO Fact Sheet,” WHO.int.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “Congenital Syphilis – Prevention and Control Guidelines,” CDC.gov.
- Mayo Clinic, “Syphilis in Pregnancy – Risks and Prevention,” MayoClinic.org.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “Condoms and STIs – CDC Guidance,” CDC.gov.
- World Health Organization (WHO), “Condom Use for STIs and HIV Prevention,” WHO.int.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “Syphilis Testing Recommendations,” CDC.gov.
- American Sexual Health Association (ASHA), “Talking to Your Partner about STDs,” ASHA.org.